Table 11.
Plasma, serum, and blood levels of PPIX reported in the literature.
| Participants | Dose | Matrix | PPIX levels | Time | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endogenous | |||||
| Healthy volunteers | none | blood | > 93 nM | Hennig et al.26 | |
| Healthy volunteers | none | blood | ~ 12 nM | Walke et al.32 | |
| Healthy volunteers | none | serum | 11 nM | Walke et al.20 | |
| Healthy volunteers | none | blood | 71 nM | Zhou et al.42 | |
| Actinic keratosis | none | plasma | ~ 5 nM | Novak et al.36 | |
| GBM | none | blood | 35 nM | Walke et al.32 | |
| Post-5-ALA administration | |||||
| Healthy volunteers | 20 mg/kg | serum | 12 nM | at 48 h | Walke et al.20 |
| Healthy volunteers | 20 mg/kg | serum | 1032 nM | at 5 h (tmax) | Walke et al.20 |
| Healthy volunteers | 1 g | plasma | 2.8 nM and 0.2 nM | at 4 h and 8 h | Ota et al.17 |
| Healthy volunteers | 100 mg | plasma | BLQ (half samples) – 444 nM | 0.1—10 h | Dalton et al.19 |
| GBM | 20 mg/kg | blood | 101 – 114 nM | 5–7 h | Walke et al.32 |
| Primary HGG | 20 mg/kg | serum | 2742 nM | at 8.9 h (tmax) | Walke et al.20 |
| Recurrent HGG | 20 mg/kg | serum | 3863 nM | at 6.4 h (tmax) | Walke et al.20 |
| Gliomas (grade III and IV) | 20 mg/kg | plasma | 213 nM | at 7.8 h (tmax) | Stummer et al.37 |
| Bladder cancer | 1 g | plasma | 69.1 nM and 41.8 nM | at 4 h and 8 h | Ota et al.17 |
| Proposed for PDT or diagnosis | 40 mg/kg | plasma | 1317 nM | at 6.7 h (tmax) | Rick et al.38 |
| Abdominal malignant conditions | 30 mg/kg | plasma | 994 nM | at 8.8 h (tmax) | Webber et al.39 |
| Abdominal malignant conditions | 60 mg/kg | plasma | 2823 nM | at 7.8 h (tmax) | Webber et al.39 |
| GI malignancy | 60 mg/kg | plasma | 2663 – 5859 nM | 8–12 h (tmax) | Webber et al.40 |