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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2025 Jun 11;69(3):107943. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107943

Table 2.

Effect of physical and psychological bullying victimization on IPV victimization over a two-year period

IPV victimization Physical IPV victimization
AOR 95% CI p-value AORa 95% CI p-value

Model 1 (N=558)
Physically bullied, previous 6 months 1.77 (1.32, 2.37) <0.001 2.66 (1.41, 5.00) 0.002
IPV victimization, previous 6 months 5.91 (4.45, 7.85) <0.001 2.89 (1.55, 5.38) 0.001
Physically bullied, previous 12 months 1.01 (0.74, 1.37) 0.96 0.95 (0.48, 1.89) 0.89

Model 2 (N=558)
Psychologically bullied, previous 6 months 1.58 (1.10, 2.25) 0.01 1.93 (0.98, 3.78) 0.06
IPV victimization, previous 6 months 5.67 (4.29, 7.50) <0.001 2.76 (1.50, 5.10) 0.001
Psychologically bullied, previous 12 months 1.43 (0.98, 2.09) 0.07 1.49 (0.74, 2.99) 0.26
a

Both GEE models adjusted for mother’s education, participant sex and age at each visit, as well as recruitment school

Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05); IPV=Intimate Partner Violence; AOR= Adjusted Odds Ratio; Model 1” and “Model 2” correspond to physical and psychological bullying, respectively