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. 2025 Jul 1;15:20456. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03008-5

Table 2.

The result of ANFIS based classification models.

Measure Formula ANFIS Algorithms
GA-ANFIS PSO-ANFIS GD-ANFIS
Pearson based PCA based Pearson based PCA based Pearson based PCA based
Train Test Train Test Train Test Train Test Train Test Train Test
Accuracy (Acc) Inline graphic 0.932 0.917 0.926 0.92 0.985 0.986 0.961 0.954 0.997 0.98 0.98 0.968
Precision Inline graphic 0.934 0.920 0.925 0.920 0.985 0.986 0.963 0.957 0.998 0.994 0.979 0.968
Recall Inline graphic 0.932 0.917 0.926 0.92 0.985 0.986 0.961 0.954 0.997 0.988 0.979 0.972
F1 Score Inline graphic 0.932 0.917 0.926 0.919 0.985 0.983 0.963 0.954 0.996 0.988 0.979 0.968
Specificity Inline graphic 0.996 0.958 0.962 0.960 0.992 0.993 0.980 0.977 0.998 0.994 0.989 0.984
Error rate Inline graphic 0.044 0.054 0.048 0.053 0.009 0.008 0.022 0.03 0.0018 0.006 0.013 0.02
Type 1 error Inline graphic 0.03 0.04 0.036 0.039 0.006 0.006 0.021 0.022 0.0042 0.005 0.009 0.0153
Type 2 error Inline graphic 0.067 0.082 0.073 0.071 0.015 0.013 0.037 0.045 0.008 0.011 0.019 0.029

In this study, correctly identified mastitis instances in the prediction model were categorized as “True Positives” (TP). Instances incorrectly classified as mastitis, when in fact they were not, were designated as “False Positives” (FP). Undetected mastitis instances were labeled as “False Negatives” (FN), and correctly identified non-mastitis instances were classified as “True Negatives” (TN)

Significant values are in [bold].