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. 2025 Jul 1;15:22375. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05265-w

Table 5.

Durability performance indicators for control and nano-modified concretes.

Mix ID RCPT Charge
(Coulombs)
Water absorption
(%)
Sulfate resistance
(% strength retained)
Control 3000 5.0 80
NS-1% 2000 4.2 88
NS-2% 1000 3.0 95
NS-3% 1200 3.5 93
NA-1% 1500 3.5 90
NA-2% 1800 3.8 92
NA-3% 2000 4.0 88
GO-0.05% 2500 4.5 85
GO-0.10% 1200 3.2 97
GO-0.15% 1300 3.3 95