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. 2025 Jul 2;25:680. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07777-9

Table 3.

The AAPCs of age-standardized rate of total burden related to MHD from 1990 to 2021 at the global and regional levels

Characteristics Incidence DALYs
AAPC (95% UI) P-value AAPC(95% UI) P-value
Global -0.60(-0.63 to -0.59)  < 0.001 -2.11(-2.15 to -2.08)  < 0.001
SDI
High SDI -0.30(-0.34 to -0.26)  < 0.001 -1.74(-1.81 to -1.67)  < 0.001
High-middle SDI -0.68(-0.71 to -0.65)  < 0.001 -4.37(-4.42 to -4.32)  < 0.001
Middle SDI -1.09(-1.10 to -1.06)  < 0.001 -3.14(-3.18 to -3.08)  < 0.001
Low-middle SDI -1.68(-1.73 to -1.64)  < 0.001 -3.44(-3.49 to -3.38)  < 0.001
Low SDI -1.28(-1.29 to -1.27)  < 0.001 -2.63(-2.67 to -2.60)  < 0.001
Region
High-income North America -0.18(-0.28 to -0.11)  < 0.001 -0.55(-0.64 to -0.47)  < 0.001
Caribbean -1.03(-1.05 to -1.02)  < 0.001 0.18(0.06 to 0.28)  < 0.001
Andean Latin America -0.30(-0.34 to -0.26)  < 0.001 -3.88(-4.01 to -3.76)  < 0.001
Central Latin America -1.63(-1.66 to -1.59)  < 0.001 -3.70(-4.01 to -3.41)  < 0.001
Tropical Latin America -1.38(-1.41 to -1.35)  < 0.001 -4.71(-4.85 to -4.58)  < 0.001
North Africa and Middle East -2.04(-2.06 to -2.01)  < 0.001 -5.03(-5.07 to -4.99)  < 0.001
South Asia -2.43(-2.50 to -2.38)  < 0.001 -3.69(-3.74 to -3.62)  < 0.001
Central Sub-Saharan Africa -1.67(-1.68 to -1.66)  < 0.001 -2.77(-2.84 to -2.70)  < 0.001
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa -1.49(-1.50 to -1.47)  < 0.001 -3.25(-3.33 to -3.17)  < 0.001
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa -1.35(-1.35 to -1.34)  < 0.001 -2.53(-2.74 to -2.30)  < 0.001
Western Sub-Saharan Africa -0.86(-0.90 to -0.83)  < 0.001 -1.64(-1.69 to -1.61)  < 0.001
Oceania -0.56(-0.57 to -0.55)  < 0.001 -0.60(-0.70 to -0.50)  < 0.001
Central Asia -0.32(-0.36 to -0.29)  < 0.001 -4.25(-4.38 to -4.09)  < 0.001
Central Europe -0.41(-0.47 to -0.37)  < 0.001 -3.09(-3.22 to -2.95)  < 0.001
East Asia -1.52(-1.61 to -1.43)  < 0.001 -5.55(-5.65 to -5.47)  < 0.001
Eastern Europe 0.11(0.07 to 0.14)  < 0.001 -3.05(-3.14 to -2.93)  < 0.001
High-income Asia Pacific -0.95(-1.05 to -0.86)  < 0.001 -3.36(-3.44 to -3.27  < 0.001
Australasia -1.13(-1.17 to -1.08)  < 0.001 -2.14(-2.36 to -1.91)  < 0.001
Western Europe 0.30(0.27 to 0.32)  < 0.001 -1.63(-1.76 to -1.51)  < 0.001
Southeast Asia -1.47(-1.48 to -1.46  < 0.001 -3.46(-3.50 to -3.41)  < 0.001
Southern Latin America -0.35(-0.38 to -0.33)  < 0.001 -3.36(-3.71 to -3.10)  < 0.001

MHD Maternal hypertensive disorder, AAPC Average annual percentage change, DALYs disability-adjusted life-years, SDI Socio-demographic index