Figure 1.

A map of the main Hawaiian Islands with skulls of two moa-nalos (a, Chelychelynechen quassus; b, Thambetochen chauliodous) and the three Hawaiian geese evaluated in this study [B. sandvicensis (nene), B. hylobadistes (nene-nui), and the undescribed giant Hawaii goose]. Fossils of the giant Hawaii goose have been found only on the island of Hawaii (1, 2). Moa-nalos were found only on the older islands from Maui to Kauai (1). Arrows show that the nene, B. sandvicensis, and nene-like (B. hylobadistes and relatives) geese were widely distributed among the main islands.