Submucosal and intraepithelial mast cell numbers in mouse trachea after saline or allergen challenge. Longitudinal sections of mouse trachea were stained with chloroacetate esterase, and the mast cell numbers in the submucosa (open bars) and intraepithelium (solid bars) were counted. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (sham, n = 4; OA challenged, n = 7) of the mast cells counted per 10 high-powered fields. The significant difference between intraepithelial mast cells in OA-challenged wild-type and OA-challenged CCR3−/− mice is indicated as *, P < 0.002, as determined by unpaired Student's t test.