Table 2.
Univariate analysis of socio-demographic variables against reflux symptoms (N = 1195).
| Variables | Laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No reflux symptoms (%) |
Reflux symptoms (%) |
p-value | ||
| Age | 917 (76.7%)a | 278(23.3%)a | 0.000b** | |
| Gender | Female | 560 (73.3%) | 204(26.7%) | 0.000** |
| Male | 357 (82.8%) | 74(17.2%) | ||
| Marital Status | Single | 684 (76.1%) | 215(23.9%) | 0.283 |
| Married | 152 (80%) | 38(20%) | ||
| Engaged | 70 (79.5%) | 18(20.5%) | ||
| Widow | 2 (50%) | 2(50%) | ||
| Divorced | 9 (64.3%) | 5(35.7%) | ||
| Educational level | Illiterate | 1 (100%) | 0(0%) | 0.908 |
| informal education | 1 (100%) | 0(0%) | ||
| Primary School | 5 (71.4%) | 2(28.6%) | ||
| Secondary school | 95 (74.8%) | 32(25.2%) | ||
| Undergraduates | 769 (76.8%) | 232(23.2%) | ||
| Postgraduates | 46 (79.3%) | 12(20.7%) | ||
| University grade | 1st year | 78 (72.9%) | 29(27.1%) | 0.204 |
| 2nd year | 101 (71.6%) | 40(28.4%) | ||
| 3rd year | 124 (74.3%) | 43(25.7%) | ||
| 4th year | 93 (78.2%) | 26(21.8%) | ||
| 5th year | 47 (78.3%) | 13(21.7%) | ||
| 6th year | 16 (64%) | 9(36%) | ||
|
not currently a student |
458 (79.5%) | 118(20.5%) | ||
| Faculty |
Medical laboratory sciences |
32 (69.6%) | 14(30.4%) | 0.042* |
| Public health | 6 (66.7%) | 3(33.3%) | ||
| Nursing | 40 (75.5%) | 13(24.5%) | ||
| Pharmacy | 48 (87.3%) | 7(12.7%) | ||
| Dentistry | 31 (91.2%) | 3(8.8%) | ||
| Medicine | 329 (75.6%) | 106(24.4%) | ||
| Non-medical fields | 392 (77.8%) | 112(22.2%) | ||
|
Not studying in university currently |
34 (64.2%) | 19(35.8%) | ||
| Working status | Employed | 305 (79.4%) | 79(20.6%) | 0.149 |
| Unemployed | 612 (75.5%) | 199(24.5%) | ||
|
Family income sufficiency |
Not enough at all | 93 (71.5%) | 37(28.5%) | 0.489 |
|
Sufficient for basic needs only |
340 (76.7%) | 103(23.3%) | ||
|
Sufficient for basic needs and some additions |
446 (77.7%) | 128(22.3%) | ||
|
Sufficient for way above basic needs and luxuries |
38 (79.2%) | 10(20.8%) | ||
aTotal frequency from the whole population.
*p-value <0.05.
**p-value<0.001.