6. Comparison of Key Factors for Synthesized Chalcogenide Materials Based on the Different Synthesis Methods.

synthesis method	electrocatalytic activity	electrical conductivity	chemical stability	material cost	material structure	surface properties	ref.
hydrothermal	N/A	semiconducting behavior	stable under ambient condition	low	nanoparticles	uniform distribution
electrodeposition	moderate to high (depends on deposition control)	moderate to good	moderate to good	low	uniform thin films	microporous or nanotextured surfaces
CVD	N/A	high conductivity in metallic TMDs (e.g., NbS2, VSe2)	monolayers sensitive to oxidation	moderate to low cost, but dependent on metal precursor (e.g., MoCl5, WCl6)	thin films, morphologies include triangles, ribbons, spirals, and hexagons	surface properties depend on morphology and crystal orientation
ALD	high	N/A	stable	moderate	uniform	low roughness, smooth surface
spin coating	N/A	N/A	significantly increased chemical resistance with annealing	very low	amorphous structure	smooth, crack-free surfaces