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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 12.
Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. 2025 May 12;60(10):1424–1433. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2025.2501171

Table III.

Descriptive Statistics of Stigma Variables*

N Mean SD Range Skew Kurtosis
Alcohol Stigma 6,382 3.14 .64 1–5 −.04-.03 .89-.06
Cocaine Stigma 6,385 3.70 .70 1–5 −.39-.03 .49-.06
Meth Stigma 6,383 3.75 .69 1–5 −.41-.03 .51-.06
Opioid Stigma 6,509 3.30 .66 1–5 −.20-.03 .54-.06
*

Weighted statistics