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. 2025 Jul 3;25:845. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06814-1

Table 1.

Effect of precipitation and cropping system of invasive and native weeds on soil TOC content and soil pH

Treatments TOC Soil pH
Precipitation level (P) Aug Oct Dec Aug Oct Dec
PL 8.29B 17.0 A 18.7B 7.29B 7.34B 7.45 A
PN 10.1 A 17.7 A 20.3 A 7.37 A 7.43 A 7.37B
PH 7.34 C 15.7B 19.1B 7.36 A 7.41 A 7.44 A
Cropping system (CS)
CK 7.79B 16.4B 16.7 C 7.33 7.38 7.42AB
SC 10.7 A 18.1 A 21.0 A 7.31 7.36 7.37B
WC 7.65B 16.3B 19.9B 7.33 7.38 7.41AB
SC × WC 8.16B 16.5B 20.0B 7.39 7.44 7.47 A
Interaction (P × CS)
PL CK 6.97f 15.6ef 15.9 7.19e 7.24e 7.44bc
PL SC 9.19b 18.0b 19.2 7.31 cd 7.36 cd 7.33 cd
PL WC 8.14cde 16.9 cd 20.4 7.31 cd 7.36 cd 7.44bc
PL SC × WC 8.85bc 17.5bc 19.5 7.35 cd 7.39 cd 7.58a
PN CK 8.17bcde 17.0bcd 17.1 7.33 cd 7.39 cd 7.26d
PN SC 16.3a 21.4a 24.5 7.27de 7.33de 7.38 cd
PN WC 7.73cdef 16.4cde 19.4 7.38bc 7.43bc 7.38 cd
PN SC × WC 8.22bcde 16.1def 20.3 7.51a 7.58a 7.45bc
PH CK 8.22bcd 16.5cde 17.0 7.47ab 7.52ab 7.56ab
PH SC 6.65f 15.0f 19.4 7.35 cd 7.40 cd 7.40c
PH WC 7.08ef 15.6ef 20.0 7.30 cd 7.36 cd 7.41c
PH SC × WC 7.41def 15.7def 20.1 7.31 cd 7.35 cd 7.39c
ANOVA DF P P P P P P
P 2 32.0** 11.4** 16.7*** 5.74* 6.80* 6.80*
CS 3 57.2*** 19.8*** 208** 2.78NS 2.50NS 3.10*
P × CS 6 56.5*** 21.6*** 45.7NS 7.04*** 7.40*** 5.20***

Lowercase letters indicate significant for the interaction of precipitation levels and cropping system variability (p < 0.05)0.2 Uppercase letters indicate variability between nutrient levels and cropping system (p < 0.05). low precipitation (PL), normal precipitation (PN) and high precipitation (PH); control (CK); pot having no plant, invasive S. canadensis mono-cropping (SC), native Wedelia chinesis mono-cropping (WC) and invasive + native intercropping system (WC × SC)