Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 3;25:845. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06814-1

Table 4.

Effect of nitrogen deposition rates and cropping system of invasive and native weeds on plant height and biomass

Treatment Chlorophyll Plant Height Wet Biomass Dry Biomass
N deposition rate Aug Oct Dec Aug Oct Dec Shoot Root Shoot Root
37.1 C 37.2 34.5 C 4.33 C 13.4B 16.7 C 10.8 C 8.77 C 6.29 C 6.63 C
N5 39.7 A 37.8 36.0B 4.83B 15.5 A 21.5B 26.3B 21.6B 10.0B 13.4B
N10 37.7B 40.4 39.3 A 5.45 A 15.8 A 22.3 A 35.6 A 25.4 A 14.0 A 14.5 A
Cropping system (CS)
SC 39.5 A 40.4 36.7B 5.23B 17.7B 24.3B 36.9 A 25.3 A 12.4 A 13.3 A
WC 37.4 C 37.9 36.7B 4.60 C 13.0 C 16.9 C 18.8 C 14.7D 11.0B 11.6 C
I-SC 37.2 C 38.2 38.3 A 5.63 A 19.0 A 26.4 A 15.1D 17.0 C 7.3D 12.5B
I-WC 38.4B 37.2 34.8 C 4.00D 9.90D 13.1D 26.07 C 17.5B 9.55 C 8.62D
Interaction (N × CS)
SC 36.8 g 38.6 35.4d 4.60 15.9c 20.0d 11.0i 6.00j 6.01 h 3.99i
WC 37.1f 36.9 33.5e 4.30 12.4e 15.2f 13.4 g 16.8f 9.17f 13.0e
I-SC 36.8 g 37.2 35.9d 4.80 15.6c 19.1e 10.0j 6.99i 5.21i 5.62 h
I-WC 37.4ef 35.9 31.3f 3.60 9.70f 12.5 h 8.84k 5.31j 4.75j 3.89i
N5 SC 42.6a 39.6 35.7d 5.30 18.6b 26.6c 47.5c 35.5a 12.6d 18.1a
N5 WC 39.0c 36.7 38.0bc 4.50 13.1d 17.0f 24.8d 18.1e 13.1c 13.8d
N5 I-SC 37.3f 38.0 37.5c 5.50 21.1a 31.1a 13.2 h 17.3f 7.16 g 15.0c
N5 I-WC 39.8b 36.7 34.7de 4.00 9.20f 11.4i 19.6f 15.4 g 7.01 g 6.74 g
N10 SC 39.7b 42.9 38.9b 5.80 18.5b 26.3c 52.1a 34.2b 18.6a 17.8a
N10 WC 36.0 h 40.1 38.5bc 5.00 13.5d 18.5e 18.2 g 9.29 h 10.8e 7.85f
N10 I-SC 37.6de 39.5 41.5a 6.60 20.3a 29.0b 22.1e 26.7d 9.59f 16.9b
N10 I-WC 37.9d 39.2 38.3bc 4.40 10.8e 15.4 g 49.8b 31.6c 16.9b 15.2c
ANOVA DF P P P P P P P P P P
N 2 523** 352*** 1110*** 20.0*** 352*** 87.8*** 3949*** 3621*** 3653*** 9053***
CS 3 174*** 57.0*** 20.4*** 88.9*** 1115*** 433*** 3632*** 999.4*** 637.4*** 621.1***
N × CS 6 108*** 7.23*** 3.41* 1.66NS 354*** 5.03*** 1787*** 1414*** 462.4*** 1232***

Lowercase letters indicate significant for the interaction of precipitation levels and cropping system variability (p < 0.05). Uppercase letters indicate variability between nutrient levels and cropping system (p < 0.05). Nitrogen (N), cropping system (CS), nitrogen × cropping system (N × CS)Nº= no N application; N5 = normal N application; N10 = higher N application; control (CK); pot having no plant, invasive S. canadensis mono-cropping (SC), native Wedelia chinesis mono-cropping (WC), invasive intercropping (I-SC), native intercropping system (I-WC)