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. 2025 Jul 3;11:62. doi: 10.1186/s40959-025-00361-2

Table 4.

Echocardiogram characteristics before, during, and after pembrolizumab-based combination therapy

TTE characteristics Baseline (n = 47) During treatment
(n = 47)
p-value
(vs. baseline)
Post-treatment
(n = 30)
p-value
(vs. baseline)
E/E’, median (IQR) 6.3 (5.1–7.7) 6.8 (6.0-8.3) 0.09 6.7 (5.2–7.8) 0.82
MWT (cm), mean (+/-SD) 0.9 (0.2) 0.9 (0.2) 0.17 0.9 (0.2) 0.82
LVEF (%), median (IQR) 64 (60–66) 63 (58–66) 0.10 63 (57–65) 0.78
LVEF ≤ 50% 3 (5.9%) 3 (6.4%) > 0.99 2 (6.7%) > 0.99
Diastolic dysfunction
 Mild 13 (26.0%) 18 (43.9%) > 0.99 11 (44.0%) 0.50
 Moderate 1 (2.0%) 4 (9.8%) > 0.99 3 (12.0%) 0.25
PASP (mmHg), mean (+/-SD) 19.6 (5.4) 20.2 (8.0) 0.70 20.2 (5.1) 0.73
LAVI, median (IQR) 17.7 (14.7–24.3) 19.8 (15.6–24.4) 0.85 24.4 (15.7–26.1) 0.17
GLS (%), mean (+/-SD) -21.4 (2.3) -19.2 (3.2) 0.17 -21.3 (3.2) 0.16
Valvular disease moderate 1 (2.1%) 3 (6.4%) 0.25 2 (6.7%) > 0.99

The most abnormal data obtained during treatment, and the most recent data obtained after treatment, are shown

Data are presented as number of patients (column %), mean (± SD), or median (IQR, interquartile range)

P-value is calculated by a paired t-test or signed rank test for continuous variables, and McNemar’s test for categorical variables

Some variables may have smaller sample due to availability of reported parameter

Statistical analysis was done in patients with both baseline and post-treatment echocardiogram

Abbreviations: TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram; IQR, interquartile range; MWT, maximal wall thickness; SD, standard deviation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; LAVI, left atrial volume index; GLS, global longitudinal strain