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. 2025 Jun 14;20(7):1551–1560. doi: 10.1007/s11548-025-03405-1

Table 1.

Comparison of Dice scores by class and step follow the setups in Sect. 3.1.2

Method 7–2 (2 steps) 7–2–2 (3 steps) 7–4 (2 steps)
1–7 8–9 1–9 1–7 8–9 10–11 1–11 1–7 8–11 1–11
DeepLabV3+ Framework
Fine tuning 0.00 16.10 3.58 0.00 0.00 21.35 3.88 0.00 20.55 7.47
±0.00 ±7.67 ±7.61 ±0.00 ±0.00 ±3.61 ±8.38 ±0.00 ±7.35 ±10.83
MiB [9] 45.73 17.39 39.43 37.36 18.33 32.17 32.96 46.25 27.12 39.29
±10.82 ±7.92 ±15.61 ±13.74 ±6.92 ±8.32 ±13.89 ±11.06 ±12.61 ±14.85
PLOP [13] 40.68 16.48 35.30 31.23 13.72 25.92 27.08 40.33 24.42 34.54
±13.84 ±7.55 ±16.21 ±14.02 ±8.01 ±9.27 ±14.00 ±14.00 ±11.56 ±15.23
SSUL [15] 55.16 34.42 50.55 48.30 27.75 41.15 43.26 55.13 39.07 49.29
±23.12 ±11.80 ±22.82 ±21.81 ±12.43 ±2.40 ±19.81 ±23.92 ±8.59 ±21.14
InSeg [14] 57.84 33.95 52.53 52.25 27.33 40.93 45.66 53.40 37.76 47.71
±23.22 ±9.15 ±23.17 ±22.55 ±10.47 ±1.90 ±20.9 ±20.45 ±10.38 ±19.02
NeST [16] 57.76 28.89 51.34 56.56 29.11 37.20 48.05 58.72 28.59 47.77
±18.49 ±7.52 ±20.56 ±19.69 ±7.80 ±6.67 ±19.96 ±11.20 ±5.12 ±17.31
IDEC [17] 63.80 32.53 56.85 51.05 25.17 44.81 45.21 64.86 40.59 56.03
±16.34 ±16.10 ±20.84 ±21.36 ±15.35 ±3.31 ±20.74 ±16.69 ±11.31 ±18.98
Ours 68.86 33.70 61.05 65.26 29.08 45.68 55.12 68.79 47.34 60.99
±16.20 ±8.58 ±20.83 ±18.91 ±9.00 ±1.60 ±21.15 ±16.73 ±9.92 ±17.90
Offline 69.83 28.76 60.70 69.24 28.95 58.25 59.92 69.24 43.60 59.92
±9.26 ±12.60 ±19.84 ±9.95 ±10.15 ±2.65 ±17.70 ±9.95 ±16.42 ±17.70
ViT Encoder + Mask Decoder (MedSAM) Framework
MBS [18] 62.45 47.06 56.59 60.66 19.90 48.20 50.98 61.57 39.69 53.61
±28.18 ±10.98 ±27.65 ±27.75 ±2.79 ±2.23 ±27.00 ±19.60 ±15.98 ±21.17
Ours 64.29 43.87 59.75 62.88 33.11 47.37 54.65 64.34 40.74 55.76
±14.43 ±9.87 ±19.05 ±14.29 ±12.61 ±1.35 ±17.21 ±20.59 ±10.56 ±20.96
Offline 64.86 28.35 56.74 64.75 31.74 48.16 55.73 64.75 39.95 55.73
±12.53 ±10.11 ±19.37 ±13.23 ±10.58 ±1.39 ±17.29 ±13.23 ±11.15 ±17.29

Offline methods are trained with all data available at once without incremental learning steps. Highest results and second highest results are highlighted in bold and underlined, respectively