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. 2025 Jul 3;25:276. doi: 10.1186/s12893-025-03012-6

Table 2.

Preoperative and postoperative changes in patellofemoral joint stability

Project Control group (n = 24) Experimental group (n = 22) Effect Size 95% CI P-value
CA (x ± s, °)
Preoperative 25.6 ± 2.7 24.4 ± 3.0 0.42 [–0.43, 2.67] 0.151
Postoperative 1.5 ± 1.5 1.7 ± 1.4 –0.14 [–0.84, 0.48] 0.598
PTA (x ± s, °)
Postoperative 29.2 ± 5.8 28.0 ± 6.6 0.20 [–2.55, 4.95] 0.512
Postoperative 10.6 ± 2.9 10.3 ± 4.3 0.08 [–1.28, 1.82] 0.743
LPD (x ± s, mm)
Postoperative 16.9 ± 4.8 15.5 ± 4.0 0.32 [–1.35, 4.23] 0.292
Postoperative 4.0 ± 1.0 3.4 ± 0.8 0.66 [0.17, 1.02] 0.007

Note: CA: Congruence Angle, the angle between the bisector of the sulcus angle and the line from the sulcus apex to the inferior pole of the patella. PTA: Patellar Tilt Angle, the angle between the line connecting the highest points of the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the maximum transverse diameter extension of the patella. LPD: Lateral Patellar Displacement, the perpendicular distance from the medial edge of the patella to a line connecting the highest points of the medial and lateral femoral condyles, drawn through the medial condyle apex