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. 2025 Jul 4;15:23992. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06614-5

Table 3.

Parameters of investigated PVS samples.

Parameters Indicators Basic PVS with elongated holes Riffled PVS
No 1 No 2 No 3 No 4
Construction
PVS dimensions, mm: length/width/thickness ls/bs/hs 630/240/1
Hole dimensions, mm: width/length bh/lh 3.2/25 5/25 3.2/25 5/25
Hole pitch arrangement, mm: longitudinal/transverse pl/pr 30/12 30/15 30/12 30/15
Number of holes, pcs n h 798 630 399 315
Riffle dimensions, mm: length/width lr / br – −  18/3.2 25/5
Number of riffles, pcs n r – −  399 315
Material
Still S235 JR (EN 10,025–2)
Density, g/cm3 Ρ 7.847
Young’s modulus, GPa E 210
Yield strength, MPa σ y 207
Tensile strength, MPa σ t 345