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. 2025 Jul 5;25:2390. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23525-2

Table 2.

Prevalence of MLTC and its association across various sociodemographic attributes

Factors MLTC
N, % (CI)
Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age (years)
18–30 1, 16.7 (0.4–64.1) Reference* Reference
31–45 43, 54.4 (42.8–65.7) 5.9 (0.7–53.5) 11.5 (1.1-130.1)
46–60 120, 65.2 (57.9–72.1) 9.4 (1.1–81.9) 20.3 (1.8-225.1)
61–80 209, 74.9 (69.4–79.9) 14.9 (1.7-129.9) 33.1 (2.9-371.6)
≥ 81 29, 80.6 (63.9–91.8) 20.7 (2.1-206.6) 50.9 (3.9-651.9)
Sex
Female 187, 61.9 (56.2–67.4) Reference Reference
Male 215, 76.2 (70.8–81.1) 1.9 (1.4–2.8) 3.9 (2.1–7.3)
Residence
Rural 15, 57.7 (36.9–76.6) Reference Reference
Urban 387, 69.3 (65.3–73.2) 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 0.5 (0.2–1.1)
Caste
Scheduled Caste 50, 75.8 (63.6–85.5) 2.1 (1.1–3.8) 2.4 (1.2–4.7)
Scheduled Tribe 7, 58.3 (27.7–84.8) 0.9 (0.3–2.9) 1.4 (0.4–4.9)
Other Backward Class 185, 77.1 (71.2–82.2) 2.2 (1.5–3.3) 2.1 (1.3–3.1)
General 160,60.1 (53.9–66.1) Reference Reference
Education
No formal education 156, 62.1 (55.8–68.2) Reference Reference
Primary 121, 77.6 (70.2–83.8) 2.1 (1.3–3.3) 2.2 (1.3–3.7)
Secondary 116, 69.9 (62.3–76.7) 1.4 (0.9–2.1) 2.3 (1.3–3.8)
Higher 9, 81.8 (48.2–97.7) 2.7 (0.6–12.9) 8.3 (1.4–50.4)
Occupation
Currently working 84, 64.1 (55.3–72.3) 1.3 (0.4–4.2) 3.2 (0.8–12.9)
Currently not working 149, 73.8 (67.1–79.7) 2.1 (0.6–6.6) 5.4 (1.4–21.2)
Homemaker 162, 67.8 (61.4–73.7) 1.5 (0.5–4.9) 11.6 (2.7–49.9)
Retired 7, 58.3 (27.7–84.8) Reference Reference
Marital Status
Never Married 8, 44.4 (21.5–69.2) Reference Reference
Currently Married 276, 69.7 (64.9–74.2) 2.9 (1.1–7.5) 1.3 (0.4–4.1)
Separated/Widow 118, 69.8 (62.3–76.6) 2.9 (1.1–7.7) 1.8 (0.5–5.7)
Live-in 0 Empty Empty
Economic Status
Deprived 240, 68.6 (63.4–73.4) 1.3 (0.7–2.3) 1.1 (0.5–2.1)
Middle 129, 70.9 (63.7–77.4) 1.4 (0.7–2.7) 1.3 (0.6–2.6)
Affluent 33, 63.5 (48.9–76.4) Reference Reference
Health Insurance
Yes 341, 68.9 (64.6–72.9) 0.9 (0.6–1.6) 1.1 (0.6–1.8)
No 61, 68.5 (57.8–77.9) Reference Reference

*Reference: The baseline group against which other categories are compared in the regression