Table 1. General characteristics compared between included and excluded participants.

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or the number of sample size and its percentage.

Independent t-test for continuous variables and Chi-squared test for categorical variables were used.

	n = 22,559
	Excluded	Included (Final participants)
	n = 11,997	n = 10,562	p-value
Age, years	40.8 ± 24.6	49.9 ± 19.0	< 0.001
Gender, n (%)			< 0.001
Male	5743 (47.9)	4611 (43.7)
Female	6254 (52.1)	5951 (56.3)
Household income, n (%)	n = 11,927	n = 10,526	< 0.001
Low	1926 (16.2)	1978 (18.8)
Low middle	3038 (25.5)	2642 (25.1)
Middle high	3436 (28.8)	2823 (26.8)
High	3527 (29.6)	3083 (29.3)
Education level, n (%)	n = 10,342	n = 9,933	< 0.001
≤Elementary school	3999 (38.7)	2077 (20.9)
Middle school	970 (9.4)	1144 (11.5)
High school	2600 (25.1)	3156 (31.8)
≥College	2773 (26.8)	3556 (35.8)
Smoking status, n (%)	n = 10,844	n = 10,465	< 0.001
Never	7558 (69.7)	6665 (63.7)
Former	1915 (17.7)	2216 (21.2)
Current	1371 (12.6)	1584 (15.1)
Drinking status, n (%)	n = 10,853	n = 10,470	< 0.001
< 2 times per week	9272 (85.4)	8522 (81.4)
≥2 times per week	1581 (14.6)	1948 (18.6)
Physical activity, n (%)	n = 7,418	n = 9,214	0.024
No	4372 (58.9)	5270 (57.2)
Yes	3046 (41.1)	3944 (42.8)