Table 4. Clinical characteristics according to the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio quintile.
IQR, interquartile range; TG/HDL, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; h, hours.
Data are presented as mean ± standard error or the number of sample size and its percentage.
The percentages used in this table reflect weighted percentages derived from data obtained through a complex sampling design.
Generalized linear models for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables were used.
| Total | Male participants | Female participants | |||||||
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | ||||
| TG/HDL≤1.1 | TG/HDL>3.9 | p-value | TG/HDL≤1.1 | TG/HDL>3.9 | p-value | TG/HDL≤1.1 | TG/HDL>3.9 | p-value | |
| n = 2113 | n = 2112 | n = 592 | n = 1300 | n = 1521 | n = 812 | ||||
| TG/HDL, mean | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | |||
| TG/HDL, median | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | |||
| TG/HDL, IQR | 0.7 - 1.0 | 4.4 - 7.4 | 0.7 - 1.0 | 4.5 - 7.9 | 0.7 - 1.0 | 4.3 - 6.4 | |||
| Age, years | 39.5 ± 0.4 | 50.0 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | 37.7 ± 0.8 | 47.9 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | 40.4 ± 0.5 | 54.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.7 ± 0.1 | 26.0 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 22.4 ± 0.1 | 26.2 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 21.4 ± 0.1 | 25.5 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Household income, n (%) | n = 2103 | n = 2107 | < 0.001 | n = 589 | n = 1296 | 0.969 | n = 1514 | n = 811 | < 0.001 |
| Low | 279 (10.6) | 426 (15.4) | 100 (12.6) | 203 (11.8) | 179 (9.7) | 223 (24.1) | |||
| Low middle | 510 (23.3) | 548 (24.5) | 149 (25.1) | 319 (23.5) | 361 (22.5) | 229 (26.8) | |||
| Middle high | 598 (29.1) | 552 (28.0) | 161 (28.0) | 365 (29.7) | 437 (29.6) | 187 (23.9) | |||
| High | 716 (37.0) | 581 (32.1) | 179 (34.3) | 409 (35.0) | 537 (38.3) | 172 (25.1) | |||
| Education level, n (%) | n = 2020 | n = 1938 | < 0.001 | n = 558 | n = 1214 | < 0.001 | n = 1462 | n = 724 | < 0.001 |
| ≤Elementary school | 306 (10.8) | 435 (15.9) | 118 (13.1) | 167 (9.7) | 188 (9.7) | 268 (31.2) | |||
| Middle school | 200 (9.1) | 209 (9.1) | 68 (11.0) | 125 (8.2) | 132 (8.3) | 84 (11.0) | |||
| High school | 667 (35.0) | 597 (33.3) | 208 (42.3) | 399 (34.0) | 459 (31.7) | 198 (31.4) | |||
| ≥College | 847 (45.2) | 697 (41.8) | 164 (33.6) | 523 (48.0) | 683 (50.3) | 174 (26.4) | |||
| Smoking status, n (%) | n = 2098 | n = 2086 | < 0.001 | n = 587 | n = 1288 | < 0.001 | n = 1511 | n = 798 | 0.018 |
| Never | 1646 (76.5) | 978 (41.8) | 303 (52.0) | 275 (22.5) | 1343 (87.6) | 703 (88.1) | |||
| Former | 292 (14.8) | 565 (28.0) | 184 (29.9) | 523 (37.8) | 108 (8.1) | 42 (4.2) | |||
| Current | 160 (8.6) | 543 (30.3) | 100 (18.1) | 490 (39.6) | 60 (4.4) | 53 (7.7) | |||
| Drinking status, n (%) | n = 2099 | n = 2088 | < 0.001 | n = 587 | n = 1289 | < 0.001 | n = 1512 | n = 799 | 0.001 |
| < 2 times per week | 1757 (83.8) | 1594 (74.1) | 446 (77.7) | 850 (66.5) | 1311 (86.6) | 744 (92.3) | |||
| ≥2 times per week | 342 (16.2) | 494 (25.9) | 141 (22.3) | 439 (33.5) | 201 (13.4) | 55 (7.7) | |||
| Physical activity, n (%) | n = 1799 | n = 1881 | < 0.001 | n = 440 | n = 1182 | < 0.001 | n = 1359 | n = 699 | < 0.001 |
| No | 934 (49.3) | 1147 (59.0) | 203 (44.1) | 679 (56.3) | 731 (51.4) | 468 (65.8) | |||
| Yes | 865 (50.7) | 734 (41.0) | 237 (55.9) | 503 (43.7) | 628 (48.6) | 231 (34.2) | |||
| Diabetes, n (%) | n = 2113 | n = 2112 | < 0.001 | n = 592 | n = 1300 | < 0.001 | n = 1521 | n = 812 | < 0.001 |
| No | 2022 (96.8) | 1796 (87.9) | 558 (96.2) | 1127 (89.1) | 1464 (97.1) | 669 (85.0) | |||
| Yes | 91 (3.2) | 316 (12.1) | 34 (3.8) | 173 (10.9) | 57 (2.9) | 143 (15.0) | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | n = 2113 | n = 2112 | < 0.001 | n = 592 | n = 1300 | < 0.001 | n = 1521 | n = 812 | < 0.001 |
| No | 1862 (91.2) | 1490 (75.9) | 508 (89.6) | 960 (78.7) | 1354 (91.9) | 530 (69.1) | |||
| Yes | 251 (8.8) | 622 (24.1) | 84 (10.4) | 340 (21.3) | 167 (8.1) | 282 (30.9) | |||
| Statin use, n (%) | n = 2112 | n = 2112 | < 0.001 | n = 591 | n = 1300 | < 0.001 | n = 1521 | n = 812 | < 0.001 |
| No | 1919 (92.9) | 1768 (86.6) | 552 (94.5) | 1117 (88.9) | 1367 (92.1) | 651 (80.9) | |||
| Yes | 193 (7.1) | 344 (13.4) | 39 (5.5) | 183 (11.1) | 154 (7.9) | 161 (19.1) | |||
| Total sleep duration, h | 7.1 ± 0.0 | 6.9 ± 0.0 | 0.008 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 6.9 ± 0.0 | 0.007 | 7.0 ± 0.0 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 0.100 |
| Weekend catch-up sleep, h | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Weekday sleep duration, h | 6.8 ± 0.0 | 6.7 ± 0.0 | 0.353 | 6.9 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.0 | 0.247 | 6.8 ± 0.0 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 0.512 |
| Weekend sleep duration, h | 7.8 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 | 8.0 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 7.7 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 92.1 ± 0.3 | 109.5 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | 93.8 ± 0.7 | 109.7 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 | 91.3 ± 0.3 | 109.1 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 53.8 ± 0.3 | 265.0 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 | 52.2 ± 0.6 | 277.6 ± 5.0 | < 0.001 | 54.5 ± 0.3 | 234.7 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 65.1 ± 0.3 | 40.2 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 61.5 ± 0.6 | 39.7 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 66.7 ± 0.4 | 41.5 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |