Table 2.
Description of landmarks
| Landmarks | Description |
|---|---|
| Cranial Base | |
| Sella (S) | The geometrical center of the Sella turcica |
| Nasion (N) | The most anteroposterior point at the frontonasal suture |
| Porion (Po) | The most anterosuperior point of the external acoustic meatus |
| Maxillary skeletal | |
| A point (A) | The deepest concavity between the ANS and U1R |
| Anterior nasal spine (ANS) | The most anterior point of the nasal spine |
| Posterior nasal spine (PNS) | The most posterior point of the nasal spine |
| Maxillary dental | |
| Maxillary incisor incisal edge (U1O) | The most central and occlusal point of the upper right central incisor tip |
| Maxillary incisor root apex (U1R) | The apex of the of the upper right central incisor root |
| Maxillary molar cusp tip (UR6O, UL6O) | The center of the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first right and left molars |
| Maxillary molar root apex (UR6R, UL6R) | The apex of the mesiobuccal root of the upper first right and left molars |
| Mandibular Skeletal | |
| Menton (Me) | The most inferior point of the mandibular symphysis |
| Gnathion (Gn) | The most anteroinferior point of the mandibular symphysis |
| Pogonion (Pog) | The most anterior point of the mandibular symphysis |
| B-point (B) | The deepest concavity near the transversal midline at the anterior mandible |
| Gonion (Go) | Two points were placed (right and left Gonion) on the most lateral posterior inferior point at an angle of the mandible, constructed point perpendicular to the bisection of the ramus of the mandible and mandibular plane. Midpoint taken between 2 points |
| Condylion (Co) | Two points were placed (right and left Condylion) on the most lateral posterior superior point of the head of the condyle. Midpoint taken between 2 points |
| Mandibular Dental | |
| Mandibular incisor incisal edge (L1O) | The most central and occlusal point of the lower right central incisor tip |
| Mandibular incisor root apex (L1R) | The apex of the lower right central incisor root |
| Mandibular molar cusp tip (LR6O, LL6O) | The central point at the mesiobuccal cusp of the lower first right and left molars |
| Mandibular molar root apex (LR6R, LR6R) | The apex of the mesiobuccal root of the first right and left molars |