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. 2025 Jun 23;16:1579509. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1579509

Table 2.

Results of Descriptive Statistics, Reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Latent variable Observed variable Standardized factor loading Mean SD Cronbach’s α AVE C.R
Excessive social use ESU1 0.75 3.13 0.82 0.72 0.47 0.73
ESU2 0.55 2.67
ESU3 0.74 3.14
Excessive hedonic use EHU1 0.87 3.54 0.92 0.84 0.75 0.90
EHU2 0.86 3.66
EHU3 0.86 3.62
Excessive cognitive use ECU1 0.75 3.28 0.85 0.90 0.56 0.84
ECU2 0.73 2.86
ECU3 0.83 3.02
ECU4 0.68 3.11
Learning burnout Emotional Exhaustion 0.91 3.09 0.65 0.90 0.75 0.90
Improper Behavior 0.90 2.97
Low Achievement 0.79 2.76
Academic performance AP1 0.81 3.40 0.79 0.87 0.63 0.87
AP2 0.78 3.59
AP3 0.78 3.34
AP4 0.80 3.10
Mindfulness MF1 0.56 4.06 0.80 0.89 0.41 0.89
MF2 0.59 4.26
MF3 0.68 3.96
MF4 0.53 3.98
MF5 0.68 3.87
MF6 0.69 3.96
MF7 0.71 3.78
MF8 0.71 4.16
MF9 0.60 4.43
MF10 0.60 3.56
MF11 0.75 3.82
MF12 0.59 4.70