Table 3.
HTMT discriminant validity test results.
| Excessive social use | Excessive hedonic use | Excessive cognitive use | Learning burnout | Academic performance | Mindfulness | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excessive social use | – | |||||
| Excessive hedonic use | 0.57 | – | ||||
| Excessive cognitive use | 0.77 | 0.51 | – | |||
| Learning burnout | 0.29 | 0.44 | 0.16 | – | ||
| Academic performance | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.66 | – | |
| Mindfulness | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.56 | 0.44 | – |