Table 2.

Effect of normal, modified, co-composted Biochar on growth attributes of sunflower under cadmium contaminated soil

Cadmium	Amendment	Plant height (cm)								Fresh weight (g)								Dry weight (g)
(mg kg−1)		Shoot				Root				Shoot				Root				Shoot				Root
0	Control	75 ± 3.66			de	47.6 ± 1.58			d	95 ± 4.23			de	58.7 ± 4.33			d-f	12.4 ± 0.63			d-f	9.4 ± 0.35			de
	Normal biochar	91 ± 1.92			bc	57.9 ± 1.37			bc	120 ± 4.81			bc	76.2 ± 3.03			bc	15.9 ± 0.78			bc	12.1 ± 0.41			bc
	Modified biochar	99 ± 3.65			b	60.3 ± 1.30			bc	130 ± 4.23			B	83.1 ± 2.87			ab	17.0 ± 0.66			b	13.4 ± 0.47			b
	Co-composted biochar	115 ± 3.87			a	69.3 ± 1.56			a	151 ± 6.46			A	99.9 ± 4.54			a	21.3 ± 0.52			a	16.0 ± 0.59			a
30	Control	54 ± 2.41			f	37.7 ± 2.26			e	76 ± 3.99			ef	42.9 ± 3.12			f	9.6 ± 0.43			f	7.2 ± 0.47			e-g
	Normal biochar	75 ± 3.76			de	49.5 ± 2.01			d	98 ± 2.44			D	61.0 ± 3.19			c-e	12.9 ± 0.48			c-e	9.2 ± 0.48			d
	Modified biochar	83 ± 1.29			cd	53.0 ± 0.93			cd	103 ± 2.97			cd	65.8 ± 2.58			cd	13.8 ± 0.55			cd	10.7 ± 0.54			cd
	Co-composted biochar	98 ± 1.93			b	62.2 ± 1.83			ab	124 ± 2.44			B	83.9 ± 3.27			ab	17.1 ± 0.57			b	13.2 ± 0.58			b
60	Control	34 ± 2.26			g	21.8 ± 1.82			f	41 ± 4.23			G	29.8 ± 2.42			g	6.0 ± 0.65			g	4.7 ± 0.45			h
	Normal biochar	51 ± 1.25			f	33.1 ± 1.05			e	62 ± 3.99			F	43.5 ± 1.98			f	9.5 ± 0.62			f	6.9 ± 0.40			fg
	Modified biochar	62 ± 3.23			ef	38.6 ± 1.13			e	72 ± 4.23			F	47.8 ± 3.44			ef	10.1 ± 0.76			e-f	7.6 ± 0.51			ef
	Co-composted biochar	77 ± 4.02			cd	48.0 ± 2.06			d	93 ± 2.44			de	65.9 ± 4.10			cd	13.6 ± 0.69			cd	10.1 ± 0.59			cd

The values are mean ± S.E. (n = 3). Means sharing similar letter(s) in a column for each parameter do not differ significantly at P = 0.05