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. 2025 Jun 24;12:1593720. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1593720

Table 2.

The association between trouble sleeping and gallstone disease.

Variable Event, n (%) Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95%) p-value OR (95%) p-value OR (95%) p-value
Without trouble sleeping 560 (8.59) ref ref ref
With trouble sleeping 407 (16.24) 1.77 (1.28,2.45) 0.001 1.56 (1.02,2.38) 0.04 1.47 (1.01,2.15) 0.04

Model 1 adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, marital status, insurance status, smoking status, PA, sleep duration, and sleep onset time. Model 3 accounted for model 2 plus TC, TG, ALT, HbA1c, HS-CRP, albumin, DM, CVD, HT, and stroke.