Table 1.

: comparison of related works.

Reference	Investigation focus	Methodology	Key differences from our work
24	Coverage and SNR gain in IRS-aided systems	IRS-assisted communication	No focus on NOMA or security
25	IRS-based wireless channel optimization	IRS reflection coefficient optimization	No security analysis or NOMA integration
26	Security enhancements in IoT networks	IRS-based secrecy rate optimization	No NOMA or jamming considerations
27	Secure MIMO transmission using IRS	IRS-assisted secure beamforming	No NOMA or secrecy outage analysis
28	Secure transmission in IRS-SWIPT systems	Deep learning for IRS optimization	No focus on NOMA or massive MIMO
29	Physical layer security in RIS-aided networks	RIS-based secrecy rate enhancement	No integration of NOMA or jamming
30	IRS-assisted NOMA with secrecy constraints	IRS-assisted beamforming & NOMA	No jamming effect considered
31	IRS-assisted NOMA security	IRS deployment for secrecy enhancement	No analysis of ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) under jamming
35	Secure NOMA with transmit antenna selection	Antenna selection for physical layer security	Does not consider IRS or massive MIMO
36	Security in NOMA with untrusted near user	Power allocation and secrecy beamforming	Focuses on an untrusted near user rather than a far user as in our work
37	Physical layer security in random NOMA networks	Stochastic geometry for secrecy analysis	No IRS integration or jamming mechanism
Our work	Secure NOMA with IRS and jamming	IRS-assisted secrecy enhancement, massive MIMO, jamming for untrusted far user	Introduces jamming to protect against an untrusted far user while leveraging IRS for secrecy enhancement, considers both ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) and secrecy outage probability (SOP), and analyzes the impact of IRS placement and power allocation strategies