Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| Variables | AD (n = 42) | HC (n = 49) | F (χ2) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), n (%) | 21(50.0) | 27 (55.1) | 0.236 | 0.63 |
| Age, years, Mean ± SD | 74.14 ± 5.44 | 72.67 ± 6.82 | 1.26 | 0.27 |
| Education level, Mean ± SD | 7.00 ± 2.26 | 6.61 ± 2.34 | 0.64 | 0.42 |
| MMSE, scores, Mean ± SD | 17.55 ± 2.46 | 27.51 ± 1.23 | 623.03 | <0.01 |
| MoCA, scores, Mean ± SD | 14.05 ± 2.55 | 26.65 ± 0.88 | 1055.50 | <0.01 |
| AVLT-H-SR, scores, Mean ± SD | 6.02 ± 0.78 | 8.82 ± 1.51 | 116.85 | <0.01 |
| AVLT-H-LR, scores, Mean ± SD | 4.12 ± 0.86 | 6.94 ± 1.33 | 138.89 | <0.01 |
| BNT, scores, Mean ± SD | 21. 29 ± 5.55 | 28.94 ± 1.18 | 88.81 | <0.01 |
| TMT-B time, seconds, Mean ± SD | 239.12 ± 47.28 | 70.84 ± 34.42 | 383.82 | <0.01 |
| CDT, scores, Mean ± SD | 1.64 ± 0.69 | 3.79 ± 0.41 | 330.26 | <0.01 |
| CDR-SB, scores, Mean ± SD | 2.85 ± 1.50 | 0.20 ± 0.25 | 147.48 | <0.01 |
| HAMD, scores, Mean ± SD | 2.95 ± 1.45 | 2.12 ± 1.725 | 2.18 | 0.14 |
| HAMA, scores, Mean ± SD | 3.31 ± 1.63 | 3.08 ± 1.43 | 0.51 | 0.48 |
| ADCS-ADL, scores, Mean ± SD | 5.24 ± 2.61 | 0.59 ± 0.64 | 145.10 | <0.01 |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; HC, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; AVLT-H-SR, short-term delayed recall of auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version; AVLT-H-LR, long-term delayed recall of auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version; TMT-B, Trail Making Test-B; BNT, Boston naming test; CDT, clock drawing test; CDR-SB, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; ADCS-ADL, Alzheimer’s Disease Collaborative Study - Daily Living Ability Scale.