Table 2.
Major trauma patients, by mode of transport
| Road Transport n = 14,315 | HEMS Transport n = 1,154 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | ref. | - | ref. | - |
| Female | 2.19 (1.72–2.80) | < 0.001 | 2.723 (1.40–5.28) | 0.003 |
| Age Categories (years) | ||||
| 16–25 | ref. | - | ref. | - |
| 26–35 | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) | 0.009 | 1.07 (0.62–1.87) | 0.78 |
| 36–45 | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.001 | 0.76 (0.45–1.28) | 0.30 |
| 46–55 | 0.58 (0.49–0.7) | < 0.001 | 0.74 (0.44–1.25) | 0.27 |
| 56–65 | 0.40 (0.33–0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.97 (0.51–1.83) | 0.93 |
| 66–75 | 0.36 (0.29–0.48) | < 0.001 | 0.79 (0.34–1.86) | 0.60 |
| 76–85 | 0.31 (0.25–0.38) | < 0.001 | 0.76 (0.32–1.75) | 0.52 |
| > 85 | 0.26 (0.19–0.34) | < 0.001 | 1.19 (0.35–3.97) | 0.77 |
| Interaction: Sex x Age (years) | ||||
| Male | ref | - | ||
| Female x 16–25 | ref. | - | ||
| Female x 26–35 | 0.78 (0.54–1.11) | 0.17 | - | |
| Female x 36–45 | 0.61 (0.42–0.89) | 0.010 | - | |
| Female x 46–55 | 0.55 (0.38–0.79) | 0.001 | - | |
| Female x 56–65 | 0.47 (0.33–0.68) | < 0.001 | - | |
| Female x 66–75 | 0.46 (0.32–0.67) | < 0.001 | - | |
| Female x 76–85 | 0.42 (0.32–0.67) | < 0.001 | - | |
| Female x > 85 | 0.48 (0.32–0.72) | < 0.001 | - | |
| ISS | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.04–1.07) | < 0.001 |
| Cause | ||||
| Low Fall | ref. | - | ref. | |
| Motor vehicle | 0.70 (0.58–0.83) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (0.34–3.78) | 0.81 |
| High Fall | 0.54 (0.46–0.64) | < 0.001 | 0.50 (0.13–1.89) | 0.31 |
| Motorcycle | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | < 0.001 | 1.37 (0.4–4.6) | 0.61 |
| Pedestrian | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 0.77 | 1.55 (0.44–5.35) | 0.48 |
| Bicycle | 0.36 (0.28–0.46) | < 0.001 | 0.46 (0.1–2.07) | 0.31 |
| Struck (person or object) | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.42 | 1.09 (0.27–4.34) | 0.89 |
| Cutting/Piercing/Gunshot | 2.71 (2.17–3.38) | < 0.001 | 3.64 (0.97–13.6) | 0.05 |
| Other | 0.78 (0.62–0.99) | 0.043 | 1.44 (0.41–5.08) | 0.56 |
| Thermal | 0.97 (0.61–1.23) | 0.45 | 1.81 (0.44–7.32) | 0.40 |
| Entrapment | ||||
| No | ref | - | ref | - |
| Yes | 1.23 (1.03–1.45) | 0.019 | 1.39 (0.91–2.12) | 0.12 |
| Distance Isochrone (km) | ||||
| 0–10 | ref. | - | - | |
| 11–20 | 1.20 (1.07–1.36) | 0.002 | - | |
| 21–30 | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 0.022 | - | |
| 31–40 | 1.16 (0.97–1.39) | 0.09 | ref. | |
| 41–50 | 0.78 (0.62–0.99) | 0.046 | 0.81 (0.54–1.22) | 0.33 |
| 51–60 | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 0.92 | 0.98 (0.65–1.49) | 0.95 |
| 61–70 | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) | 0.20 | 0.62 (0.38-1.0) | 0.05 |
| Primary Hospital Level | ||||
| MTS (Level 1) | ref. | - | - | |
| MeTS/RTS (Level 2) | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 0.007 | - | |
| MCPS/USS (Level 3) | 0.56 (0.39–0.82) | 0.003 | - | |
| Time Periods (minutes) | ||||
| Response Time | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.44 | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) | 0.62 |
| Scene Time | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 0.001 |
| Transport Time | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.76 |
| LSI Fundamental 1 | ||||
| No | ref. | - | ref. | |
| Yes | 1.42 (1.2–1.68) | < 0.001 | 1.47 (0.42–5.11) | 0.54 |
| LSI Advanced 2 | ||||
| No | ref. | - | ref. | |
| Yes | 2.01 (1.69–2.39) | < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.66–1.35) | 0.77 |
| Severe Injury | ||||
| Chest | ||||
| No | ref. | - | ref. | |
| Yes | 1.10 (1.00-1.22) | 0.044 | 1.10 (0.78–1.56) | 0.56 |
| Abdomen/Pelvis | ||||
| No | ref. | - | ref. | |
| Yes | 1.66 (1.43–1.93) | < 0.001 | 0.74 (0.50–1.09) | 0.12 |
| Head | ||||
| No | ref. | - | ref. | |
| Yes | 0.59 (0.53–0.67) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.44–0.98) | 0.043 |
(n.b. only 18 patients were transported by HEMS between 0–30 km, which have been excluded from the analysis)