Table 2.

Skin findings associated with spinal dysraphism

Finding	Definition
S.1: no skin coverage	Skin defect sufficient for a risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak or exposure of neurologic tissue
S.1.1: neural Placode	The spinal cord is opened at the surface of the skin, loosing its tube shape to look like a plate like structure
S.1.2: incomplete skin covered sac	Saccular lesion with a thin transparent membrane bordered with skin
S.2: skin Coverage	There is complete skin all over the spine area
S.2.1: normal skin	No skin stigmata (absence of abnormal relief or color of the skin)
S.2.2: cutaneous stigmata	Presence of abnormal relief or color of the skin
S.2.2.1: caudal appendage	Lumbosacral appendage covered by skin. Synonyms: caudal appendiculum, tag, lumbar skin appendage, pseudo-tail
S.2.2.2: cutaneous angioma	Cutaneous lesion with blood vessels, with variable redness or volume (thickened forms are more likely to be associated with SD) Synonyms: cutaneous hemangioma, skin angioma, skin hemangioma
S.2.2.3: cutaneous swelling	The skin is elevated by a subcutaneous mass (can be solid or cystic), physical examination can discriminate between cystic mass (meningocele can be depressed by pressure) and solid mass (usually subcutaneous lipoma, non depressible) Synonyms: cutaneous bump
S.2.2.3.1: cystic cutaneous swelling	cystic mass covered by skin with normal thickness but possible abnormal color; physical examination: can be depressed by pressure Synonyms: skin-covered sac
S.2.2.3.2: solid cutaneous swelling	Solid mass covered by skin: soft tissue swelling beneath skin, usually subcutaneous lipoma; physical examination: non depressible (solid)
S.2.2.4: cutaneous dimple	Focal skin depression, location can be median (midline dimple) or paramedian (paramedian dimple) Synonym: skin dimple
S.2.2.5: cutaneous dyspigmentation	Hyper and/or hypopigmentation of the skin Synonym: skin dyspigmentation
S.2.2.6: cutaneous pit	Cutaneous depression with abnormal/no skin in the middle Synonyms: cutaneous hole, cutaneous crater
S.2.2.7: natal cleft deviation	Intergluteal crease is deviated and/or bifid Synonyms: gluteal fold deviation, intergluteal cleft deviation
S.2.2.8: lumbar hypertrichosis	Focal area hypertrichosis of the lumbar region Synonym: faun tail