Table 4.
Comparison of Safety and Other Outcomes Between the Two Groups
| Group E (n = 99) | Group C (n = 103) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LOS scores with grade 1 or 1S, n (%) | |||
| T2 (at postoperative hour 6) | 77 (77.8) | 71 (68.9) | 0.203 |
| T3 (at postoperative hour 12) | 79 (79.8) | 91 (88.3) | 0.070 |
| T4 (at postoperative hour 24) | 6 (6.1) | 8 (7.8) | 0.784 |
| T5 (at postoperative hour 48) | 3 (3.0) | 5 (4.9) | 0.721 |
| T6 (at postoperative hour 72) | 5 (5.1) | 3 (2.9) | 0.492 |
| Flatulating within postoperative 48 hours, n (%) | 44 (44.4) | 30 (29.1) | 0.029 |
| BI at postoperative 48 hours, median (IQR) | 40.0 (40.0–45.0) | 40.0 (35.0–45.0) | 0.008 |
| Duration of chest tube, median (IQR), day | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.100 |
| Postoperative hospital stay, median (IQR), day | 13.0 (13.0–14.0) | 14.0 (13.0–15.0) | 0.044 |
| Pulmonary complications, n (%) | 4 (4.0) | 12 (11.7) | 0.066 |
| Other complications, n (%) | 8 (8.1) | 5 (4.9) | 0.401 |
| Postoperative delirium, n (%) | 16 (16.2) | 14 (13.6) | 0.694 |
| PONV, n (%) | 18 (18.2) | 13 (12.6) | 0.330 |
| NRS satisfaction scores | |||
| Patients, median (IQR) | 10.0 (9.0–10.0) | 10.0 (9.0–10.0) | 0.183 |
| Medical workers, median (IQR) | 10.0 (10.0–10.0) | 10.0 (9.0–10.0) | 0.121 |
Notes: Data are presented as number (percentage), or median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: Group E, S-ketamine group; Group C, control group; LOS (level of sedation), grade 0 (awake and responsive), grade 1 (a little drowsy, but easy to wake up [grade 1S, Normal sleep state]), grade 2 (frequent drowsiness, easy to wake up, but not continuously awake), grade 3 (difficult to awaken); BI, Barthel Index; PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting; NRS, Numerical rating scale; IQR, interquartile range.