Table 2.

MRI sequences applied in the differentiation of Active Staging of TAO.

Active Staging	MRI Sequence	MRI parameter	Research findings
Active phase	T2WI/Dixon	SIR	A cut-off SIR value of > 2.9 in the inferior rectus could be applied to evaluate the active stage of TAO{Ge, 2021 #12}.
	T2 Mapping	T2RT	T2RTmean ≧ 74.295 could be a diagnostic cut-off for judging TAO activity{Li, 2023 #6}.
	DWI	ADC	The cutoff value of pretreatment n-ADC was 1.780 to detect stages{Liu, 2021 #14}.
Inactive phase	T1 Mapping	T1RT/ECV	ECV>48.1% can be used as the critical value for screening inactive TAO{Ma, 2022 #15}.
	MTI	MTR	Patients with active TAO showed significantly lower MTRs than those with inactive TAO{Hu, 2022 #16}.

T2WI, T2-weighted images; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; MTI, Magnetization transfer imaging; SIR, signal intensity ratio; T2RT, T2 relaxation time; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; T1RT, T1 relaxation time; ECV, extracellular-volume; MTR, magnetization transfer ratio; TAO, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.