Table 2.
Characteristics of participants with intra-articular, pain-related, and combined TMD conditions.
| Variables | Intra-articular TMD (IT) | Pain-related TMD (PT) | Combined TMD (CT) |
P-value Post-hoc |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | 139 (34.92) | 71 (17.84) | 188 (47.24) | ||
| Age | Mean (SD) | 20.01 (2.51) | 20.21 (2.86) | 19.93 (3.03) | 0.744 |
| Median (IQR) | 20.00 (4.00) | 21.00 (5.00) | 20.00 (6.00) | ||
| Age group | Adolescents, n (%) | 56 (40.29) | 28 (39.44) | 74 (39.36) | 0.985* |
| Young adults, n (%) | 83 (59.71) | 43 (60.56) | 114 (60.64) | ||
| Sex | Male, n (%) | 43 (30.94) | 19 (26.76) | 34 (18.09) | 0.023* |
| Female, n (%) | 96 (69.06) | 52 (73.24) | 154 (81.91) | CT > IT | |
| Pain intensity | Mean (SD) | 0.52 (1.32) | 2.13 (1.88) | 2.26 (1.81) | < 0.001 |
| (VAS) | Median (IQR) | 0.00 (0.00) | 2.00 (2.00) | 2.00 (2.00) | CT, PT > IT |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | Mean (SD) | 3.85 (4.73) | 5.92 (5.63) | 5.50 (4.52) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 3.00 (5.00) | 5.00 (8.00) | 5.00 (8.00) | CT, PT > IT | |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | Mean (SD) | 3.22 (4.12) | 5.08 (4.85) | 4.97 (4.26) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.00 (5.00) | 4.00 (6.50) | 4.00 (6.00) | CT, PT > IT | |
| Jaw overuse behavior | Mean (SD) | 25.51 (9.04) | 27.34 (7.60) | 27.75 (7.86) | 0.035 |
| (Total OBC) | Median (IQR) | 25.00 (11.50) | 26.00 (12.00) | 28.00 (10.00) | CT > IT |
| Sleepin-state (SA) | Mean (SD) | 12.67 (5.88) | 12.93 (5.84) | 13.72 (5.44) | 0.455 |
| Median (IQR) | 12.00 (9.00) | 12.00 (7.50) | 12.00 (9.00) | ||
| Waking-state | Mean (SD) | 6.33 (4.02) | 7.72 (3.68) | 7.22 (3.58) | 0.007 |
| non-functional (WN) | Median (IQR) | 6.00 (6.00) | 7.00 (5.00) | 7.00 (4.00) | CT, PT > IT |
| Waking-state | Mean (SD) | 8.13 (3.16) | 8.38 (2.91) | 8.96 (2.90) | 0.023 |
| functional (WF) | Median (IQR) | 8.00 (4.00) | 8.00 (4.00) | 9.00 (4.00) | CT > IT |
| Jaw functional limitation | Mean (SD) | 10.33 (9.65) | 14.41 (9.48) | 17.21 (9.92) | < 0.001 |
| (JFLS-8) | Median (IQR) | 8.00 (13.00) | 13.00 (15.00) | 16.00 (14.00) | CT, PT > IT |
| Overall OHRQoL | Mean (SD) | 23.00 (14.32) | 35.03 (16.74) | 34.59 (14.74) | < 0.001 |
| (Total OHIP) | Median (IQR) | 22.00 (21.00) | 33.00 (23.50) | 34.00 (20.00) | CT, PT > IT |
| Functional limitation | Mean (SD) | 2.91 (2.01) | 3.66 (1.68) | 4.23 (1.78) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 3.00 (3.00) | 4.00 (2.00) | 4.00 (2.00) | CT > PT > IT | |
| Physical pain | Mean (SD) | 3.77 (3.17) | 7.94 (3.32) | 7.27 (3.38) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 3.00 (5.00) | 8.00 (4.00) | 7.00 (4.00) | CT, PT > IT | |
| Psychological | Mean (SD) | 6.58 (3.97) | 8.23 (4.23) | 8.55 (3.91) | < 0.001 |
| discomfort | Median (IQR) | 7.00 (6.00) | 8.00 (6.00) | 8.00 (5.00) | CT, PT > IT |
| Physical diability | Mean (SD) | 2.24 (1.75) | 3.28 (2.02) | 3.45 (1.88) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.00 (3.00) | 3.00 (3.00) | 3.00 (3.00) | CT, PT > IT | |
| Psychological disability | Mean (SD) | 5.05 (4.15) | 7.15 (5.18) | 7.03 (4.57) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 5.00 (7.00) | 6.00 (7.50) | 7.00 (7.00) | CT, PT > IT | |
| Social disability | Mean (SD) | 0.98 (1.42) | 1.96 (1.71) | 1.68 (1.64) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 0.00 (2.00) | 2.00 (3.00) | 2.00 (3.00) | CT, PT > IT | |
| Handicap | Mean (SD) | 1.48 (1.77) | 2.80 (2.09) | 2.38 (1.89) | < 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 1.00 (2.00) | 3.00 (3.00) | 2.00 (3.00) | CT, PT > IT |
SD: Standard Deviation; IQR: Interquartile Range; VAS: Visual Analog Scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7; OBC: Oral Behaviors Checklist; JFLS-8: Jaw Functional Limitations Scale-8; OHIP: Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs. Results of Chi-square test* and Kruskal-Wallis/post-hoc Dunn’s test with Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment. Bold indicates p < 0.05.