Fig. 1.

Mougeotia and Adiantum: Chloroplast movements and the associated neochrome. (A) Giant chloroplasts of M. scalaris in their face-on (Left Upper) and side-on (Left Lower) orientations under different light treatment, and those of A. capillus-veneris protonemal cells in which the chloroplast accumulation to the upper (Center Upper) or side (Center Lower) wall are induced by polarized red-light vibrating parallel or perpendicular to the cell axis irradiated from horizontal direction. (Scale bar, 20 μm.) A Right shows Adiantum sporophyte. (B) The domain structure of fern and algal neochromes and canonical plant phytochromes and phototropins. MsNEO1 LOV1 domain has so far failed to bind FMN in vitro, and the other MsNEO LOV domains are unlikely to bind flavins. Introns whose positions are equivalent in each gene are connected with thin lines. PHY, phytochrome photosensory region; HKRD, histidine kinase-related domain; STKD, serine/threonine kinase domain.