Table 3.
Repeated-measure ANOVA on the effectiveness of the yoga intervention across time points (before [time point 1], in the middle of [time point 2], and after [time point 3] the intervention) on the secondary measuresa.
| Variable and time point | Yoga intervention group, mean (SD) | Waitlist control group, mean (SD) | Partial η2b | F test (df; group × time)c | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.46 | 49.61 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 27.69 (4.41) | 28.27 (5.15) |
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|
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2 | 27.33 (4.30) | 28.96 (5.16) |
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3 | 24.68 (3.49) | 28.86 (5.00) |
|
|
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| SBPd (mm Hg) | 0.33 | 28.92 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 139.03 (11.90) | 140.21 (11.19) |
|
|
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|
2 | 135.60 (11.59) | 142.81 (10.71) |
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3 | 132.79 (10.54) | 143.72 (10.46) |
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|
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| DBPe (mm Hg) | 0.28 | 23.99 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 90.61 (6.69) | 90.09 (5.97) |
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2 | 88.30 (5.79) | 89.81 (5.59) |
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3 | 85.87 (5.51) | 91.60 (5.44) |
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| T3f (pg/mL) | 0.19 | 14.47 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 0.93 (0.22) | 0.97 (0.23) |
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2 | 0.96 (0.22) | 0.90 (0.24) |
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3 | 1.06 (0.28) | 0.88 (0.19) |
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| T4g (µg/dL) | 0.08 | 5.17 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 7.58 (2.10) | 8.06 (1.94) |
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2 | 8.28 (2.49) | 7.87 (1.92) |
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3 | 9.60 (3.70) | 8.32 (2.62) |
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| TSHh (mU/L) | 0.29 | 24.80 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 5.07 (3.30) | 5.91 (8.62) |
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2 | 3.65 (2.98) | 8.08 (13.56) |
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3 | 3.14 (2.47) | 8.14 (3.97) |
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| FASi (0-50) | 0.84 | 315.81 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 42.46 (3.23) | 42.54 (2.91) |
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2 | 24.19 (4.02) | 37.06 (2.44) |
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3 | 18.10 (3.68) | 39.84 (3.82) |
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| GIPj (0-30) | 0.85 | 350.71 (2, 118) | |||||||||
|
|
1 | 15.91 (2.51) | 15.82 (2.47) |
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2 | 24.70 (2.43) | 17.51 (2.59) |
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3 | 26.69 (1.81) | 15.40 (1.81) |
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| PSSk (0-40) | 0.95 | 1094.16 (2, 118) | |||||||||
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|
1 | 32.01 (2.51) | 31.04 (2.55) |
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2 | 21.81 (5.12) | 31.16 (3.17) |
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3 | 9.58 (1.54) | 32.87 (3.66) |
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|
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aThe optimum range values for a healthy level across parameters are as follows: 19 to 25 kg/m2 for BMI, 120 to 130 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure, 80 to 85 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure, 5 to 12 µg/dL for thyroxine, 2.3 to 4.1 pg/mL for triiodothyronine, and 0.45 to 4.12 mU/L for thyroid-stimulating hormone.
bEffect size.
cANOVA test statistic; significance at P<.001 for all variables and at P<.05 for thyroxine.
dSBP: systolic blood pressure.
eDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
fT3: triiodothyronine.
gT4: thyroxine.
hTSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone.
iFAS: Fatigue Assessment Scale (higher scores indicate higher levels of fatigue).
jGIP: Gita Inventory of Personality (higher scores indicate a more positive personality profile).
kPSS: Perceived Stress Scale (higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived stress).