Table 3.
Urine and Breath Analyses for Drugs Other Than Cocaine
| Control (n = 49)
|
CM only (n = 47)
|
CBT only (n = 48)
|
Combination (n = 49)
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ANCOVA controlling for baseline |
| Heroin, % negative | |||||||||
| Baseline | 34 | 33 | 40 | 34 | 30 | 31 | 27 | 30 | |
| Intervention | 40 | 30 | 55 | 35 | 44 | 39 | 47 | 38 | More negatives in CM, F(1, 188) = 3.49, p = .0631. |
| Maintenance | 40 | 32 | 44 | 37 | 52 | 40 | 54 | 39 | More negatives in CBT, F(1, 133) = 103.89, p < .0001. |
| Cannabis, % negative | |||||||||
| Baseline | 85 | 27 | 87 | 27 | 94 | 16 | 91 | 19 | |
| Intervention | 81 | 33 | 83 | 31 | 90 | 24 | 90 | 23 | No effect of CM or CBT. |
| Maintenance | 87 | 23 | 83 | 33 | 88 | 29 | 90 | 22 | No effect of CM or CBT. |
| Benzodiazepines, % negative | |||||||||
| Baseline | 97 | 79 | 96 | 11 | 97 | 11 | 94 | 14 | |
| Intervention | 97 | 8 | 94 | 14 | 97 | 10 | 89 | 22 | Fewer negatives in CM, F(1, 188) = 3.13, p = .0781. |
| Maintenance | 95 | 13 | 89 | 23 | 94 | 16 | 90 | 24 | No effect of CM or CBT. |
| Alcohol, % negative (BAC) | |||||||||
| Baseline | 98 | 5 | 98 | 5 | 97 | 11 | 99 | 2 | |
| Intervention | 98 | 5 | 95 | 10 | 96 | 13 | 98 | 8 | No effect of CM or CBT. |
| Maintenance | 97 | 5 | 93 | 13 | 94 | 18 | 96 | 9 | No effect of CM or CBT. |
Note. CM = contingency management; CBT = cognitive–behavioral therapy; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; BAC = blood alcohol concentration.