pHGG	pediatric high-grade glioma
DMG	diffuse midline glioma
TME	tumor microenvironment
BBB	blood–brain barrier
NPC	neural precursor cell
OPC	oligodendrocyte precursor cell
GSC	glioma stem cell
BTB	blood–brain tumor barrier
PDX	patient-derived xenograft
GEMM	genetically engineered mouse model
CNS	central nervous system
WHO	World Health Organization
NF1	neurofibromatosis type 1
NF2	neurofibromatosis type 2
DIPG	diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
OS	overall survival
pLGG	pediatric low-grade glioma
DHG	diffuse hemispheric glioma
RTK	receptor tyrosine kinase
PA	pilocytic astrocytoma
ST-RELA	supratentorial-RELA
ST-YAP1	supratentorial-YAP1
PF-A	posterior fossa-A
PF-B	posterior fossa-B
SP-EPN	spinal ependymoma
MB	medulloblastoma
NGS	next-generation sequencing
IUE	in utero electroporation
SB	Sleeping Beauty
ZFN	zinc finger nuclease
TALEN	transcription activator-like effector nuclease
PXA	pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
iPSC	induced pluripotent stem cell
EB	embryoid body
ECM	extracellular matrix
NSC	neural stem cell
RSV-1	Rous sarcoma virus-1
Ad12	human adenovirus 12
CDX	cell line-derived xenograft
PDOX	patient-derived orthotopic xenograft
GVHD	graft-versus-host disease
BTIC	brain tumor-initiating cell
PDX-MI	PDX Minimal Information standard
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
TIME	tumor–immune microenvironment
PBMC	peripheral blood mononuclear cell
HSC	hematopoietic stem cell
GBM	glioblastoma multiforme
ATRT	atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
GBO	glioblastoma organoid
neoCOR	neoplastic cerebral organoid
GLICO	glioblastoma-like cerebral organoid
TBO	tumor-bearing organoid
PDO	patient-derived organoid
MiCBO	microglia-containing brain organoid
ETV2	ETS variant 2
ENO	expanded neuroepithelium organoid
MEA	microelectrode array
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
DWI	diffusion-weighted imaging
ADC	apparent diffusion coefficient
MR	magnetic resonance
CEST	chemical exchange saturation transfer
PET	positron emission tomography
CT	computed tomography