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. 2025 Jun 25;14(13):2253. doi: 10.3390/foods14132253
A Surface area of the Caco-2 cell monolayer
AB Apical to basolateral side
AP Apical side
BA Basolateral to apical side
BL Basolateral side
C Polyphenol concentration at the acceptor side
C0 Polyphenol initial concentration at the donor side
CA Caftaric acid
Caco-2 Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma cell line
D3G Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside
DAD Diode array detector
DMEM Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
dQ Change of polyphenol concentration at the acceptor side
dt Variation in time
ER Efflux ratio
FBS Fetal bovine serum
GA Gallic acid
GSE Grape skin polyphenolic extract
HBSS Hank’s balanced salt solution
HEPES 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
K3G Kaempferol-3-glucoside
K3Gal Kaempferol-3-galactoside
LSD Fisher‘s Least Significant Difference
M3G Malvidin-3-O-glucoside
MIN Minute
MTT 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
NEAA Non-essential amino acid
Papp Apparent permeability coefficient
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline solution
Pet3G Petunidin-3-O-glucoside
Q3G Quercetin-3-glucoside
S1 Solution 1 (15 mg grape skin polyphenolic extract/mL)
S2 Solution 2 (22 mg grape skin polyphenolic extract/mL)
SA Syringic acid
SD Standard deviation
TE Transport efficiency
TEER Transepithelial electrical resistance
VR Volume of the solution of the acceptor side