| AHR | Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor |
| ASIR | Age-Standardised Incidence Rate |
| ASMR | Age-Standardised Mortality Rate |
| AYAs | Adolescents and Young Adults |
| BPA | Bisphenol A |
| CRC | Colorectal Cancer |
| CRP | C-Reactive Protein |
| CpG | Cytosine–phosphate–Guanine |
| DCA | Deoxycholic Acid |
| DEHP | Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate |
| DINP | Diisononyl Phthalate |
| DII | Dietary Inflammatory Index |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| EDCs | Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals |
| EMT | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition |
| EPA | Eicosapentaenoic Acid (if referenced) |
| GM | Gut Microbiota |
| HDAC | Histone Deacetylase |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| LCA | Lithocholic Acid |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| NNS | Non-Nutritive Sweeteners |
| NOVA | Not an acronym—name of food classification system |
| PAHs | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| SCFA | Short-Chain Fatty Acids |
| TLR4 | Toll-Like Receptor 4 |
| TMAO | Trimethylamine N-oxide |
| TNF-α | Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha |
| UPF | Ultra-Processed Food |
| UPP | Ultra-Processed Product |