| DAL | Dietary acid load |
| EDCs | Endocrine-disrupting chemicals |
| HCAs | Heterocyclic amines |
| LMICs | Low- and middle-income countries |
| NDMA | N-nitrosodimethylamine |
| PAHs | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| UPFs | Ultra-processed foods |
| DAL | Dietary acid load |
| EDCs | Endocrine-disrupting chemicals |
| HCAs | Heterocyclic amines |
| LMICs | Low- and middle-income countries |
| NDMA | N-nitrosodimethylamine |
| PAHs | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| UPFs | Ultra-processed foods |