| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| IR | insulin resistance |
| CAM | complementary and alternative medicine |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| MJGT | Mao Jian Green Tea |
| MJBT | Mao Jian Black Tea |
| MJGT_HE | MJGT hydro extract |
| SD | Sprague-Dawley |
| NC | Negative Control |
| HFHS | high-fat high-sucrose |
| MG | Model Group |
| STZ | streptozotocin |
| FBG | fasting blood glucose |
| MET | Metformin Hydrochloride Group |
| TG | serum triglycerid |
| TC | total cholesterol |
| HDL-C | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| LDL-C | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| Homa-IR | Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance |
| ISI | Insulin Sensitivity Index |
| InS | fasting serum insulin |
| SDS-PAGE | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PVDF | polyvinylidene fluoride |
| G6Pase | Glucose-6-phosphatase |
| PEPCK | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| p-AMPK | Phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase |
| PCoA | principal coordinates analysis |
| GLUT4 | Glucose Transporter Type 4 |
| SCFAs | short-chain fatty acids |
| ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |