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. 2025 Jun 21;26(13):5971. doi: 10.3390/ijms26135971
BMP Bone morphogenetic protein
CAT Catalase
CGRP Calcitonin gene-related peptide
CFHR3 Complement factor H-related protein 3
CPN2 Carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain
CRP C-reactive protein
DD Disc displacement
DDwR Disc displacement with reduction
DDwoR Disc displacement without reduction
dNLR Derived NLR
ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
GCS Glucosamine–chondroitin sulphate
HA Hyaluronic acid
HMGB1 High-mobility group box 1
IASP International Association for the Study of Pain
IFN-γ Interferon-gamma
IL Interleukin
iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase
LLLT Low-level laser therapy
LMR Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio
MDA Malondialdehyde
MMP Matrix metalloproteinase
MMO Maximum mouth opening
NLR Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
OA Osteoarthritis
OPN Osteopontin
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
PLR Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PRP Platelet-rich plasma
RDX Radixin
RCT Randomized controlled trial
SHA Sodium hyaluronic acid
SII Systemic immune-inflammation index
SOD Superoxide dismutase
SS Stabilization splint
TAC Total antioxidant capacity
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
TMD Temporomandibular disorders
TMJ Temporomandibular joint
TMJ-ID Temporomandibular joint internal derangement
TNF Tumour necrosis factor