AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ANS	Autonomic nervous system
Aβ	Amyloid-beta
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
CNS	Central nervous system
ENS	Enteric nervous system
MGBA	Microbiota–Gut–brain axis
HD	Huntington’s disease
HPA	Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
i.v.	Intravenous
L-DOPA	Orally administered levodopa
MCAO	Middle cerebral artery occlusion
MDD	Major depressive disorder
MS	Multiple sclerosis
OAE	Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy
PD	Parkinson disease
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SLE	Systemic lupus erythematosus
SURG	Surgical resections for epilepsy
TDC	Tyrosine decarboxylase