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. 2025 Jun 26;26(13):6143. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136143
BMI Body mass index
GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1
GIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
HOMA-IR Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test
TM Transmembrane
BID Twice per day
NA Not available
GI Gastrointestinal
AE Adverse event
ADA American Diabetes Association
TEAE Treatment-emergent adverse event