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. 2025 Jun 26;26(13):6132. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136132
CAF cancer-associated fibroblast
TME tumor microenvironment
MME melanoma microenvironment
CXCR4 chemokine receptor type 4
CXCL12 CXC motif chemokine ligand 12
SDF1 stromal-derived factor-1
TGF-β transforming growth factor beta
EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition
HGF hepatocyte growth factor
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2
IGF2R insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
EV extracellular vesicle
miRNA Micro-RNA
IL interleukin
FAP Fibroblast activation protein
DPP dipeptidyl peptidase
IFN-γ interferon-gamma
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha
VEPH1 Ventricular Zone Expressed PH Domain Containing 1
SMAD4 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4
SKI subtilisin/kexin isozyme
myCAFs Myofibroblastic CAFs
iCAFs inflammatory CAFs
apCAFs Antigen-presenting CAFs
VDR vitamin D receptor
PDGFR platelet-derived growth factor receptor
FGFR fibroblast growth factor receptor
Hh Hedgehog
AT1R angiotensin II type 1 receptor