6-CF	6-Carboxyfluorescein
ABC	ATP-binding cassette
ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ARBs	Angiotensin II receptor blockers
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BCRP	Breast cancer resistant protein
BMECs	Human brain microvascular endothelial cells
CHO	Chinese hamster ovary cells
ciPTEC	Conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CKD-MBD	Chronic kidney disease—mineral and bone disorder
CKD-REIN	Chronic Kidney Disease—Renal Epidemiology and Information Network
CNS	Central nervous system
CYP2E1	Cytochrome P450 2E1
DOACs	Direct oral anticoagulants
EPO	Erythropoietin
ES	Estrone sulfate
GERD	Gastroesophageal reflux disease
HEK293	Human embryonic kidney cells
HK-2	Human kidney-2 cells
HMG-CoA	3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
hOAT	Human organic anion transporter
HSA	Human serum albumin
HUVEC	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
IS	Indoxyl sulfate
LLC-PK1	Porcine kidney 1 epithelial cells
MDCK	Madin–Darby canine kidney cells
MRP	Multidrug resistance protein
MTX	Methotrexate
NSAIDs	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OAT	Organic anion transporter
OATP	Organic anion transporting polypeptide
PAH	p-Amminohippuric acid
PBUTs	Protein-bound uremic toxins
PCS	p-Cresyl sulfate
PEPT1	Peptide transporter 1
P-gp	P-Glycoprotein
PPIs	Proton pump inhibitors
rOAT	Rat organic anion transporter
S2-cells	Immortalized cell line derived from the second segment of mice proximal tubule
SLC	Solute carrier transporter
SULT1A1	Sulfotransferase 1A1
TAT	Tyrosine aminotransferase
UT	Uremic toxin
VKA	Vitamin K antagonist