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. 2025 Jul;46(7):735–745. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.7.20240572

Table 2.

- Subgroup analysis of Kupperman index between the Chinese herbal medicines group and the control group.

Subgroups Studies Sample sizes Heterogeneity test I2(%) Effect size
Trials Controls MD 95% CI P-values
Monarch drug
CRG 5 182 181 97.7 -15.05 -22.94 -7.17 <0.01
PRG 7 257 239 22.21 -9.88 -11.34 -8.41 <0.01
CRG+PRG 2 47 45 0.00 -13.90 -17.18 -10.62 <0.01
Menopausal status
Postmenopausal 5 160 155 72.57 -14.34 -17.95 -10. 74 <0.01
Premenopausal 4 128 128 91.98 -12.28 -17.43 -7.13 <0.01
Both 1 32 32   -6.14 -8.03 -4.25 <0.01
Unclear 4 166 150 95.81 -13.36 -21.77 -4.94 <0.01
Endocrine therapy
All 12 392 387 92.64 -13.11 -16.48 -9.74 <0.01
Part 2 94 78 85.42 -10.91 -17.30 -4.51 <0.01
Treatment duration
≥3 months 5 137 132 92.18 -12.06 -16.71 -7.41 <0.01
<3 months 9 349 333 91.61 -13.20 -17.23 -9.17 <0.01

PRG: processed Rehmannia glutinosa (Shudihuang), CRG: crude Rehmannia glutinosa (Shengdihuang)