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. 2025 Jun 27;25(13):4027. doi: 10.3390/s25134027
DAC Digital-to-analog convertor
ADC Analog-to-digital convertor
PWM Pulse-width modulation
PID Proportion-integration-differentiation
TDLAS Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
MCU Microcontroller unit
DFB Distributed feedback
PD Photodetector
PCB Printed circuit board
NMOS N-metal-oxide-semiconductor
LPF Low-pass filter
WMS Wavelength modulation spectroscopy
FPGA Field programmable gate array
NTC Negative temperature coefficient
TEC Thermoelectric cooler