| UL | urolithiasis |
| OS | oxidative stress |
| OPN | osteopontin |
| CaOx | calcium oxalate |
| CaPO4 | calcium phosphate |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor 2 |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| CAT | catalase |
| GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
| GSH | glutathione |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| KIM-1 | kidney injury molecule-1 |
| NF-κB | kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| MCP-1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein |
| WHO | The World Health Organization |
| EG | ethylene glycol |
| NH4Cl | ammonium chloride |
| HK-2 | kidney epithelial cell line |
| BW | body weight |
| OH | reactive hydroxyl |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |