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Sulfur levels of yellow granules from digestive gland of L. stagnalis exposed to SSW without added metal (control) or sublethal concentrations of Al (500 μg/liter), Zn (100 μg/liter), or Cd (50 μg/liter) for 30 days. Sulfur was measured by XRMA under TEM and PBR was calculated. Values are means + SE (n = 100 granules per group). *, P < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA), sulfur levels of yellow granules in L. stagnalis challenged with Al vs. those challenged with Zn or Cd.
