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. 2025 Jul 12;25:261. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04992-x

Table 2.

Pharmacological Activities of bioactive compounds (main peaks selected) present in TSLME

Peak Compound Name Retention Time (Min) Area (%) Pharmacological Activities (Reference)
1 Cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl- 6.107 0.21 NAR
2 Decane 7.641 0.54 AM [33]
3 Vanillin 8.639 0.34 AO, AIF, NRP, AC [3436]
4 Phenethylamine, 3,4,5-trimethoxy- α-methyl- 9.012 0.17 NAR
5 Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl 10.241 0.20 AM [37]
6 3,4-Dihydroxyphenol ethanol ( 3-hydroxytyrosol) 11.683 0.18 AO, NRP [38, 39]; AT, AP [4042]; AM [43]
7 Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl 12.897 0.24 AM [44]; AFG [45]; AB, AFL, IMD and AT [46]
8 Mandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy, (4TMS) 14.031 0.42 AM,AO [47, 48]
9 Cholan-12-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-, (3α. 5β.)- 14.958 0.30 NAR
10 Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl 15.301 0.59 AM [44]; AFG [45]; AB, AFL, IMD and AT [46]
11 1-Bromotetradecane ( Myristyl bromide) 15.561 0.44 NAR
12 Cyclododecasiloxane, tetracosamethyl 16.276 6.27 AFG [45];HP, ASP, ARH [49]
13 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester 17.256 6.85 AM, AFG, AMR [50]; AC, CT [51]
14 2-Cyclohepten-1-one ( Tropilene) 17.832 1.39 NAR
15 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11Dodecamethylhexasiloxane 18.279 2.22 AM, AST [53]
16 Cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl 18.646 0.75 AM [44]
17 D-Xylitol 18.850 1.06 NAR
18 9-Octadecenoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]−1-[[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]ethyl ester 19.189 0.83 AC, HP [54]
19 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-Hexadecamethyl-Octasiloxane 20.258 1.92 AM [55]
20 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 20.845 3.30 AM, AHT, AO [55]
21 Iron, monocarbonyl-(1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarbonic acid, diethyl ester), a, a’-dipyridyl 21.244 1.01 NAR
22 6,10-Dodecadien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- ( 2,3-Dihydrofarnesol) 21.576 3.34 NAR
23 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl- ( Squalene) 21.969 1.33 AB, AO, AC, CP [5659]
24 1H-Purin-6-amine, [(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]- 22.381 4.77 AO [60]
25 5-Pregnene-3β,20β,21-triol TMS 22.815 1.01 NAR
26 Imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1, 4]benzodiazepin-7(4H)-one, 2-[4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]−5,6-dihydro- 23.575 1.15 NAR
27 Ethyl 1-hexyl-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-oxo-3 quinolinecarboxylate 23.927 0.62 NAR
28 3-Chlorodecanoic acid, chloromethyl ester 24.207 0.33 NAR
29 Purine, 6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)amino, TMS 24.920 0.32 AP [61]
30 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl 25.843 4.38 AFG [62]; AO [63, 64]

AM Antimicrobial, AB Antibacterial, AT Antitumor, HP Hepatoprotective, AO Antioxidant, AC Anticancer, NAR No Activity Reported, CP Chemopreventive, AP Antiproliferative, AFG Antifungal, AFL Antifouling, AIF Anti-inflammatory, IM )Immunomodulatory, ASP Antispasmodic, ART Antirheumatic, AMR Antimalarial, CT Cytotoxicity, AHT Anthelmintic, NRP Neuroprotective, AST Antiseptic