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. 2025 Jul 12;25:261. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04992-x

Table 3.

Pharmacological Activities of bioactive compounds (main peaks selected) present in TSFME

Peak Compound Name of TSFME GC–MS R.Time (Min) Area (%) Pharmacological Activities (Reference)
1 Cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl- 6.079 0.21 NAR
2 Decane 7.633 1.07 AM [33]
3 Vanillin 8.644 0.55 AO, AIF, NRP, AC [3436]
4 Benzeneacetic acid, 3-methoxy-α,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, trimethylsilyl ester 9.022 0.28 AC, AFG, AB [65, 66]
5 Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl 10.246 0.29 AM [37]
6 1,3,5,7,9-Pentamethyl Cyclopentasiloxane 11.685 0.33 NAR
7 Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl 12.897 0.47 AM [44]; AFG [45];AB, AFL, IMD and AT [47]
8 2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)−1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy- 14.074 0.36 NAR
9 Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl 15.304 0.56 AM [44]; AFG [45];AB, AFL, IMD and AT [46]
10 Pentasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-decamethyl- 16.207 2.16 NAR
11 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester 17.228 12.50 AM, AFG, AMR [50]; AC, CT [51, 52]
12 3,3-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-2-(1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl) azirane 17.750 2.90 NAR
13 n-Octacosane 18.001 0.92 AT [67], AO, WHP [68]
14 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11Dodecamethylhexasiloxane 18.278 3.15 AM, AST [53]
15 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3TMS derivative 18.640 1.04 AM, AO, AC, CP [69]
16 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone 18.843 0.99 NAR
17 Ethyl 1-hexyl-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-oxo-3 quinolinecarboxylate 19.149 1.29 NAR
18 Acetophenone, 4'-methoxy-3'-methyl- 19.364 0.90 NAR
19 Glycine, N-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl]-N-methyl- 19.591 1.48 NAR
20 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl 19.876 1.49 AFG [62]; AO [63, 64]
21 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone 20.259 1.11 NAR
22 2-(4,5-Dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolyl)−5-nitrobenzoic acid 20.511 0.83 AT [63]
23 Cyclododecasiloxane, tetracosamethyl 21.039 2.79 AFG [45];HP, ASP, ARH [49]
24 Norepinephrine, (R)-, 4TMS derivative 21.878 0.80 NAR
25 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 22.437 0.92 AM, AHT, AO [49]
26 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]propyl ester 22.978 0.42 AF, AB, AT, AIF, HP [7072]
27 1H-Purin-6-amine, [(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]- 23.359 0.94 AO [60]
28 5-Pregnene-3β,20β,21-triol TMS 25.189 0.43 NAR
29 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-Hexadecamethyl-Octasiloxane 25.463 1.37 AM [55]

AM Antimicrobial, AB Antibacterial, AT Antitumor, HP Hepatoprotective, AO Antioxidant, AC Anticancer, NAR No Activity Reported, CP Chemopreventive, AP Antiproliferative, AFG Antifungal, AFL Antifouling, AIF Anti-inflammatory, IMD Immunomodulatory, ASP Antispasmodic, ART Antirheumatic, AMR Antimalarial, CT Cytotoxicity, AHT Anthelmintic, NRP Neuroprotective, AST Antiseptic